Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Follistatin improves vascular function by inhibiting oxidative stress and inducing browning of perivascular adipose tissue in essential hypertension

doi: 10.64898/2025.12.31.697255

Figure Lengend Snippet: Representative cross-sectional images of mesenteric PVAT from chronically treated rats stained for A. follistatin, C. activin A, E. activin B, quantified in accompanying graphs B., D. , and F. G. Representative fluorescence images of WKY mesenteric PVAT treated acutely with activin A or B for 30 minutes, quantified in H. I. Representative fluorescence images of SHR mesenteric PVAT treated acutely with SB-431,542 or DMSO for 30 minutes, quantified in J. K. Fold change in H 2 O 2 levels assessed using Amplex Red in WKY mesenteric PVAT treated for 30 minutes with HBSS or pyocyanin. L. Fold change in H 2 O 2 levels measured in mesenteric PVAT from WKY or SHR treated for 30 minutes with either HBSS, follistatin, heat-denatured follistatin, or neutralizing antibodies to activin A or activin B. *p <0.05, **p <0.01, ****p <0.0001.

Article Snippet: FST, activin A and B expression were assessed using antibodies to FST (1:200, Proteintech), Activin A (1:50, R&D Systems) and Activin B (1:1000, Abnova).

Techniques: Staining, Fluorescence

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Follistatin improves vascular function by inhibiting oxidative stress and inducing browning of perivascular adipose tissue in essential hypertension

doi: 10.64898/2025.12.31.697255

Figure Lengend Snippet: Representative cross-sectional images of mesenteric PVAT from chronically treated rats stained for A. nitrotyrosine and C. phosphorylated eNOS, quantified in the accompanying graphs B. , and D. E. Fluorescence intensity measured over a 200-second period in mesenteric PVAT treated for 30 minutes with HBSS, follistatin or Tempol stained with DAF2-FM. F. Data in E. reported as individual values taken every 50 seconds. G. Nitrite levels measured in PBS solution, NONOate and/or H 2 O 2 . H. Nitrite levels measured in lysate of SHR PVAT treated for 30 minutes with follistatin or heat-denatured follistatin. I. Nitrite levels measured in lysate of WKY PVAT treated for 30 minutes with activin A or B. J. Nitrite levels measured in lysate of SHR PVAT treated for 30 minutes with neutralizing antibodies to activin A or B. *p <0.05, **p <0.01, ***p <0.001.

Article Snippet: FST, activin A and B expression were assessed using antibodies to FST (1:200, Proteintech), Activin A (1:50, R&D Systems) and Activin B (1:1000, Abnova).

Techniques: Staining, Fluorescence

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Follistatin improves vascular function by inhibiting oxidative stress and inducing browning of perivascular adipose tissue in essential hypertension

doi: 10.64898/2025.12.31.697255

Figure Lengend Snippet: A. Representative cross-sectional images of SHR mesenteric PVAT treated ex vivo for 3 days with either HBSS or neutralizing antibodies to activin A or activin B and stained for PRDM16, quantified in B. C. Representative cross-sectional images of WKY mesenteric PVAT treated ex vivo for 3 days with either HBSS, activin A or activin B and stained for PRDM16, quantified in D. E. Response to maximal KCl dose (125 mM) in WKY vessels incubated with mesenteric SHR PVAT treated ex vivo for 3 days with either HBSS or neutralizing antibodies to activin A or activin B. F. Representative cross-sectional images of SHR mesenteric PVAT treated ex vivo for 3 days with either HBSS, follistatin, follistatin and L-748,337 or L-748,337 alone, quantified in G. H. Glycerol content measured in media from WKY PVAT treated with either HBSS or CL-316,243 for 4 hours. I. Glycerol content measured in media from WKY PVAT treated with either HBSS, activin A or activin B for 24 hours. J. Glycerol content measured in media from SHR PVAT treated with either HBSS or neutralizing antibodies to activin A or activin B for 24 hours. K. Glycerol content measured in media from SHR PVAT treated with either HBSS, follistatin or follistatin and CC for 24 hours. *p <0.05, **p <0.01, ***p <0.001, ****p <0.0001.

Article Snippet: FST, activin A and B expression were assessed using antibodies to FST (1:200, Proteintech), Activin A (1:50, R&D Systems) and Activin B (1:1000, Abnova).

Techniques: Ex Vivo, Staining, Incubation

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Follistatin improves vascular function by inhibiting oxidative stress and inducing browning of perivascular adipose tissue in essential hypertension

doi: 10.64898/2025.12.31.697255

Figure Lengend Snippet: Representative cross-sectional images of WKY mesenteric PVAT treated ex vivo for 3 days with either A. activin A ± SIS3 and C. activin B ± SIS3 and stained for phosphorylated AMPK, quantified in B., and D. *p <0.05, **p <0.01, ***p <0.001.

Article Snippet: FST, activin A and B expression were assessed using antibodies to FST (1:200, Proteintech), Activin A (1:50, R&D Systems) and Activin B (1:1000, Abnova).

Techniques: Ex Vivo, Staining

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Follistatin improves vascular function by inhibiting oxidative stress and inducing browning of perivascular adipose tissue in essential hypertension

doi: 10.64898/2025.12.31.697255

Figure Lengend Snippet: Response to maximal KCl dose (125 mM) in WKY vessels incubated with detached mesenteric WKY PVAT pretreated with either HBSS, activin A or activin B for 30 minutes. Contractility values are from 1-2 rats per group, 1-3 vessels each rat. *p <0.05.

Article Snippet: FST, activin A and B expression were assessed using antibodies to FST (1:200, Proteintech), Activin A (1:50, R&D Systems) and Activin B (1:1000, Abnova).

Techniques: Incubation